Mold and rot are among the most destructive issues in cannabis cultivation, capable of ruining entire crops if left unchecked. Preventing these problems requires a proactive approach, combining environmental control, early detection, and effective treatments. This guide provides comprehensive strategies for keeping your cannabis plants mold- and rot-free.
1. Common Types of Mold and Rot
- Powdery Mildew:
- Identification: White, powdery spots on leaves and stems.
- Effects: Reduces photosynthesis and weakens plants.
- Botrytis (Bud Rot):
- Identification: Gray or brown rot inside buds, often detected too late.
- Effects: Causes buds to turn mushy and decay.
- Root Rot:
- Identification: Brown, slimy roots with a foul odor.
- Effects: Stunts growth and often kills plants if not addressed.
2. Causes of Mold and Rot
- High Humidity: Encourages fungal growth, especially above 70% relative humidity.
- Poor Air Circulation: Creates stagnant air, which allows mold spores to settle and spread.
- Overwatering: Leads to excessive moisture in the root zone and invites root rot.
- Dense Canopy: Blocks airflow and traps moisture around leaves and buds.
3. Prevention Strategies
- Humidity Control:
- Keep humidity levels within optimal ranges:
- Vegetative Stage: 40–70% relative humidity.
- Flowering Stage: 40–50% relative humidity.
- Use dehumidifiers to reduce excess moisture in the grow area.
- Keep humidity levels within optimal ranges:
- Ventilation and Airflow:
- Install oscillating fans to circulate air throughout the grow space.
- Ensure exhaust systems remove stale air and maintain negative pressure.
- Pruning and Defoliation:
- Remove lower leaves and excess foliage to improve airflow through the canopy.
- Maintain proper spacing between plants to reduce crowding.
- Watering Practices:
- Avoid overwatering; let the top layer of soil dry out between waterings.
- Water early in the day to allow moisture to evaporate by night.
4. Early Detection
- Inspect plants regularly for signs of mold or rot, especially in dense buds and lower foliage.
- Use magnifiers to spot powdery mildew or other early-stage issues.
5. Treatment Options
- Organic Sprays:
- Neem oil or potassium bicarbonate for powdery mildew.
- Biological fungicides like Bacillus subtilis for general fungal prevention.
- Bud Rot:
- Carefully remove and dispose of infected buds to prevent spread.
- Quarantine affected plants to protect the rest of the crop.
- Root Rot:
- Flush roots with hydrogen peroxide solution to kill pathogens.
- Improve drainage and aeration in the root zone.
6. Post-Harvest Precautions
- Drying: Maintain a humidity level of 45–55% in the drying area to prevent mold growth on harvested buds.
- Curing: Use airtight jars with humidity packs to control moisture during curing.